Грамматикалық анықтама
Инглиз алфавити
The English letters
№ | Һәрипләр | транскрипция | оқулуши |
1 | Aa | [ei] | (ей) |
2 | Bb | [bi:] | (би) |
3 | Cc | [si:] | (си) |
4 | Dd | [di:] | (ди) |
5 | Ee | [i:] | (и-и) |
6 | Ff | [ef] | (эф) |
7 | Gg | [ʤi:] | (җи) |
8 | Hh | [eiʧ] | (эйч) |
9 | Ii | [ai] | (ай) |
10 | Jj | [ʤei] | (җей) |
11 | Kk | [kei] | (кей) |
12 | Ll | [el] | (эл) |
13 | Mm | [em] | (эм) |
14 | Nn | [en] | (эн) |
15 | Oo | [‘əu] | (оу) |
16 | Pp | [pi:] | (пи) |
17 | [kju:] | (кью) | |
18 | Rr | [ɑ:] | (аа) |
19 | Ss | [es] | (эс) |
20 | Tt | [ti:] | (ти) |
21 | Uu | [ju:] | (ю) |
22 | Vv | [vi:] | (ви) |
23 | Ww | [dʌblju:] | (дабл ю) |
24 | Xx | [eks] | (экс) |
25 | Yy | [wai] | (уай) |
26 | Zz | [zed] | (зед) |
Инглиз тилида 26 һәрип бар. Уларниң 6 созуқ тавушлар (vowels) A [ei:], E [i:], I [ai], O [‘ou], U [ju:], Y [wai].
20 үзүк тавушлар (consonants)
3
үзүк тавушларниң оқулуши вә уларниң сирлири
һәрипләр | Аһаңлар | Уйғур тилида мисал | Һәрипләрниң қошулуп оқулиши |
Bb | [b] | (б) | m һрипидин кейин оулмайду comb [koum] |
Cc | a, o, u. алдида [k] болуп оқилиду. e, i, y. алдида [s] болуп оқилиду. | (к) (с) | 1. Ch-[ʧ] (ч) 2. К һәрипиниң алдида окулмайду nick [nik] |
Dd | [d] | (д) | |
Ff | [f] | (ф) | |
Gg | a, o, u. алдида [g] болуп оқилиду. e, i, y.алдида [ʤ] болуп оқилиду. | (г) (җ) | -get, girl, give [g] (г) -Gorg [ʤ] (җ) |
Hh | [h] | (һ) | Ch-[ʧ](ч), sh-[ʃ] (ш), ph-[f] (ф), th- [ ð] (з) яки [θ] (с) |
Jj | [ʤ] | (җ) | |
Kk | [k] | (к) | Nn һәрипиниң алдида оқулмайду knee [ni:] |
Ll | [i] | (л) | |
Mm | [m] | (м) | |
Nn | [n] | (н) | |
Pp | [p] | (п) | ph-[f] (ф) phone |
[kw] | (кв\у) | ||
Rr | [r] | (р) | |
Ss | [s], [z] | (с)яки(з) | Sh- [ʃ] (ш) |
Tt | [t] | (т) | th- [ ð] (з) яки [θ] (с) |
Vv | [v] | (в) | |
Ww | [w] | (в\у) | |
Xx | [ks] | (кс) | Бәзидә [gz] (гз) |
Zz | [z] | (з) |
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созуқ тавушларниң оқулуши
vowels | І. Очуқ боғум (“е” ахирида оқулмайду) | II. йепиқ боғум (үзүк тавуш билән аяқлишидиған һәрипләр) | ІІІ. Созуқ тавуш +r |
Aa | [ei] cake | [æ] map | [ɑ:] car |
Oo | [‘əu] sofa | [o] box | [ɔ:] fork |
Ee | [i:] tree | [e] pen | [ə:] her |
Uu | [Ju:] tube | [ʌ] bus | [ə:] turn |
Ii\ Yy | [ai]\ [wai] kite\ fly | [i] pig, system | [ə:] girl |
Алмашлар
Pronouns
Шәхслик алмашлар | Шәхслик алмашларниң түрлиниши | |||
Бирлик түри | Көплүк түри | Бирлик түри | Көплүк түри | |
I. | I- мән | We-биз | Me-маңа | Us- бизгә |
II. | You- сән | You-силәр | You-саңа | You -силәргә |
III.
| He She у It нәрсиләрни М: it is a cat. | They-улар | Him униңға Her | Them -уларға |
5
Кишилик алмашлар | кишилик алмашларниң түрлири | |||
Бирлик түри | Көплүк түри | Бирлик түри | Көплүк түри | |
І. | My-мениң | Our-бизниң | Mine-мениң | Ours-бизниң |
ІІ. | Your-сениң | Your-силәрниң | Yours-сениң | Yours-силәрниң |
ІІІ. | His Her униң Its | Their-уларниң | His униң Hers | Theirs-уларниң |
Өзлүк алмашлар | Умумий алмашлар | |
Бирлик түри | Көплик түри | Everybody-һәммиси Everyone-һәр бири Everything-Һәммиңлар Everytime-һәр қачан, һәр вақитта Everywhere-һәммә йәрдә |
1.Myself-мән өзәм
2.Yourself-сән өзәң
3.Himself у өзи Herself | 1.Ourselves- биз өзимиз
2.Yourselves-силәр өзәңлар
3.Themselves-улар өзлири |
6
Көрситиш алмашлар
Demonstrative
Бирлик түри | Көплик түри | |
Йенида турған нәрсини көрсәткәндә | This-Мону
| These-монулар |
Жирақта турған нәрсини көрсәткәндә | That-әву
| Those-әвулар |
This
These
That
Those
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Бәлгүсиз(indefinite) вә болумсиз(negative) алмашлар.
Алмашлар (some, any, every.) вә уларниң ясилиши
Түрлири | Бәлгүсиз алмаш | Ясилиши (body\ one-тән) |
Хәвәр | Some- қандақла болмисун Any- кимла болса
| Someone\somebody-кимла болмисун Anyone\anybody-кимла болса There is someone\somebody in the garden. Бағда бири бар. |
Соал | Any- кимла болса
| Anyone\anybody- кимла болмисун There isn’t anyone\anybody in the garden Бағда һечким йоқ. Is there anyone\anybody in the garden? Бағда бири барму? |
Болумсиз | No\not any-Һеч қандақ | No one\not No one| nobody| not anyboу һеч ким There is no one| nobody in the garden. Бағда һеч ким йоқ.
|
Жүмлиниң һәр хил түрлири | Every-һәр бир | Everybody\everyone-һәр бир Everybody\everyone likes fruits. Һәмиси йемишләрни яхши көриду. |
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Some |
thing- зат | something-немили болса бир нәрсә there is something in the box. Бу каробкиниң ичидә бир нәрсә бар. |
Any | anything- немили болса бир нәрсә
there isn’t anything in the box. Бу каробкиниң ичидә һеч нимә йоқ. Is there anything in the box? Бу каробкиниң ичидә бир нәрсә барму? | |
No | nothing-һеч немә,һеч нәрсә there is nothing in the box. Бу каробкиниң ичидә һеч нәрсә йоқ. | |
Every | Everything-һәммиси Everything is interesting in this book. Бу китапниң ичидә қизиқ нәрсиләр бар.
|
Жансиз нәрсиләгә қоллинидиған алмаш.
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Аһаңлар
Уйғур тилида учрайду [p] – [b] [f] – [v] [k] –[g] [s] – [z] [m] – [j] [h] [ƞ] |
44 аһаң |
24 үзүк
|
Уйғур тилида учрашмайду [θ], [ð], [w], |
айримчилиғи [t]-[d]-[n] [l]-[ʃ]-[ʒ] [r]-[ʧ]-[ʤ] |
20 созуқ |
Дифтонги [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au] [əu] [iə] [ɛə] [uə] |
Қисқа [i], [e], [æ], [ɔ], [u], [ʌ], [ə] |
Созулуп ейтилиду [i:], [ɑ:], [ɔ:], [u:], [ə:] |
10
Much, many, a lot of\ lots of. (нурғун, көп)
Countable nouns Санилидиған исимларға қоллинилиду | Uncountable nouns Саналмайдиған исимларға қоллинилиду |
Many (are) Many girls- нурғун қиз Many boys-нурғун оғул Many books-нурғун китап There are many books on the boor-shelf. | Much (is) Much snow-көп қар Much money-нурғун ахча Much time-көп вақит There is much water in the vase.
|
How many How many books?- Қанчилик китап? Қанчә?, нәччә? How much How much snow?- Қанчилик қар?
| |
A lot of\ lots of- нурғун, көп There are a lot of books on the books-shelf. – шкафниң ичидә нурғун китап бар. There is a lot of water in the coffee pot.- чөгүнниң ичидә нурғун су бар. |
A few, a little, few, little (аз )
Санилидиған исимларға қолиниду. A few\ few | Саналмайдиған исимларға қоллинилиду. А little\ little |
few books-китаплар аз few girls-қизлар аз few boys-оғуллар аз | little time-вақит аз little money-ахча аз little snow-қар аз |
A little азирақ (һазирғичә йетиду) A few
little аз (йәнә керәк) few
|
Соаллар
Questions
1 | What | немә | What’s this? | Бу немә? |
2 | Which | қайси | Which of them? | Униң қайсуси? |
3 | Who | Ким, кимни | Who was that? | У ким болидекинә? |
4 | Whom | кимни | Whom did you meet? | Сән кимни учраттиң? |
5 | Whose | кимниңки | Whose book is it? | Бу кимниң китави? |
Айлар
Инглизчә | Оқулуши | тәржимиси | Қазақ тилида |
January | [ʤænjuəri ] | Қәһритаң | Қаңтар |
February | [‘februəri ] | Һот | Ақпан |
March | [mɑ:ʧ] | Норуз | Наурыз |
April | [ eipri’l] | Үмүт | Сәуір |
May | [mei ] | Баһар | Мамыр |
June | [ ʤu:n] | Сәпәр | Маусым |
July | [ʤu:’lɑi ] | Чиллә | Шілде |
August | [ɔ:ɡəst ] | Томуз | Тамыз |
September | [sep’tembə ] | Мизан | Қыркүйек |
October | [ ɔk’toubə] | Оғуз | Қазан |
November | [no(u)’embə ] | Оғлақ | Қараша |
December | [di’sembə ] | Конәк | желтоқсан |
Мәзгилләр
season
инглизчә | оқулуши | тәржимиси | Қазақ тилида |
spring | [] | әтияз | көктем |
summer | [] | яз | жаз |
winter | [] | қиш | қыс |
Autumn | [] | күз | күз |
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санлар
The Numeral
Санлар (қанчә?) | Рәтлик санлар (қанчинчи?) | ||
0 | Zero | 0 | |
1 | One | 1st | The first- [fə:st] |
2 | Two | 2nd | The second- [sek(ə)nd] |
3 | Three | 3rd | The third -[θə:d] |
4 | Four | 4th | The fourth -[fɔ:θ] |
5 | Five | 5th | The fifth- [fifθ] |
6 | Six | 6th | The sixth- [siksθ] |
7 | Seven | 7th | The seventh- [sevnθ] |
8 | Eight | 8th | The eighth- [eitθ] |
9 | Nine | 9th | The ninth- [nainθ] |
10 | Ten | 10th | The tenth- [tenθ] |
11 | Eleven | 11th | The eleventh- [i’levnθ] |
12 | Twelve | 12th | The twelfth- [twelfθ] |
13 | Thirteen | 13th | The thirteenth- [θə:tinθ] |
14 | Fourteen | 14th | The fourteenth- [fɔ:tinθ] |
15 | Fifteen | 15th | The fifteenth- [fiftinθ] |
16 | Sixteen | 16th | The sixteenth- [sikstinθ] |
17 | Seventeen | 17th | The seventeenth- [seventinθ] |
18 | Eighteen | 18th | The eighteenth -[eitinθ] |
19 | Nineteen | 19th | The nineteenth -[nintinθ] |
20 | Twenty | 20th | The twentieth -[twentiθ] |
21 | Twenty one | 21st | The twenty first- [ tweti fə:st] |
30 | Thirty | 30th | The thirtieth -[θə:tiθ] |
40 | Forty | 40th | The fortieth- [fɔ:tiθ] |
50 | Fifty | 50th | The fiftieth -[fiftiθ] |
60 | Sixty | 60th | The sixtieth -[ sikstiθ] |
70 | Seventy | 70th | The seventieth -[seventiθ] |
80 | Eighty | 80th | the eightieth- [eitiθ] |
90 | Ninety | 90th | The ninetieth- [nintiθ] |
100 | one hundred | 100th | The hundredth- [hʌndredθ] |
101 | One hundred and one | 101st | The hundred and first-[hʌndred ənd wʌn] |
1000 | One thousand | 1000th | The thousandth-[θɑuzəndθ] |
1001 | One thousand and one | 1001st | The thousand and first-[θɑuzənd ənd fə:st] |
1056 | Ten fifty-six |
1983 | Nineteen eighty-three |
1807 | Eighteen 0 seven |
2007 | Two thousand seven |
Исимларниң көплүк қошумчилири.
The plural form of nouns.
Исимларниң көплүк қошумчилар билән түрлиниши | мисал | тәржимиси | Қошумчиларниң оқулуши |
Жараңсиз үзүк тавушлардин кейин |
a book-books a cup-cups | Уйғур тилида -лар, -ләр, қошумчилири қошилиду Китап- китаплар Чинә- чиниләр | [s] |
Жараңлиқ үзүк тавушлардин кейин | a name-names a girl-girls | Исим -исимлар Қиз- қизлар | [z] |
сирлаңғу тавушлардин кейин -ch, -sh, -x, -s, -z: —es | a dress-dresses a bush-bushes a fox-foxes a church- churches | Көйнәк көйнәкләр чатқаллиқ Түлкә түлкиләр | [iz] |
-y һәрипи билән аяқлашқанда 1) созуқ + y
2) үзүк + y i | a toy- toys a boy –boys
family-families a country –countries | Оюнчуқ- оюнчуқлар Оғул -оғуллар
Аилә -аилиләр мәмликәт-мәмликәтләр | [z]
[iz] |
-f\fe һәрипләр билән аяқлашса ves | a leaf –leaves a shelf -shelves | Йопурмақ- йопурмақлар Тәкчә-тәкчиләр | [vz] |
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Ярим | 1\2 | A half |
Үчтин бир | 1\3 | A third |
Төрттин бир | 1\4 | A quarter |
Бәштин бир | 1\5 | One fifth |
Төрттин үч | 3\4 | Three quarter |
Үчтин икки | 2\3 | Two thirds |
Бир пүтүн иккидин бир | 1 1\2 | One and half |
Бир пүтүн төрттин үч | 1 3\4 | One and three quarter |
Ноль пүтүн ондин бәш | 0.5 | Nought point five |
Бир пүтүн йүздин йәтмиш бәш | 1.75 | One point seventy five |
Жигирмә төрт пайиз | 24% | Twenty-four per cent |
Көплүк түриниң пәйда болуш алаһидилиги
Бирлик түри | Көплүк түри | Тәржимиси |
Man woman foot goose child mouse ox tooth
| men women feet geese children mice oxen teeth | Адәм -адәмләр Аял- аяллар Пут- путлар Өдәк- өдәкләр Бала- балилар Чашқан- чашқанлар Буқа -буқилар Чиш- чишлар |
15
Сүпәтләрниң селиштурма түрлири.
The Adjective.
Инглиз тилида сүпәтләр өзгәрмәйду, пәқәт улар сүпәт ясиғучи қошумчиларниң улиниши арқилиқ ясилиду. Сүпәтләрниң үч түри болиду. Улар: Сүпәт (positive Degree ) cold Селиштурма (Comparative Degree) +er colder Ашурма яки күчәйтмә (Superlative Degree) the Adj +est the coldest Көп боғумлуқ сүпәтләрниң алдиға қоюлиду. More, the most |
- ясилиши
Сүпәтләр | Селиштурма | күчәйтмә |
Clod-соғ | Colder-соғарақ | The coldest-наһайти соғ |
Big-йоған | Bigger-йоғанирақ | The biggest-наһайити йоған |
Kind-ақ көңүл | Kinder— | The kindest— |
16
—y, —er, —ow, —ble һәрипләр билән аяқлашқанда.
Сүпәтләр | Селиштурма | күчәйтмә |
clever-әқиллиқ | Cleverer— әқиллигәрәк | The cleverest-наһайити әқиллиқ |
easy-адий | easier-адийрақ | The easiest-наһайити аддий |
- көп боғумлуқ сүпәтләр.
Сүпәтләр | Селиштурма | күчәйтмә |
Interesting-қизиқ | more interesting-қизиғирақ | the most interesting-наһайити қизиқ |
Beautiful-чирайлиқ | more beautiful-чирайлиғирақ | the most beautiful-наһайити чирайлиқ |
Comfortable-қолайлиқ | more comfortable-қолайлиғарақ | the most comfortable- наһайити қолайлиқ |
17
умумий қаидиләрсиз сүпәтләрниң селиштурма дәрижилириниң ясилиши
Хата сүпәтләрниң ясилиши.
Сүпәтләр | Селиштурма | күчәйтмә |
good-яхши | better-яхширақ | The best-наһайити яхши |
bad-кона | worse-конарақ | The worst-наһайити кона |
little-кичик | less-кичигирәк | The least-наһайити кичик |
Much\many-нурғун | More –нурғунирақ | The most –наһайити нурғун |
Zaporozhets is a good car
Moskvich is a better car
Ziguli is the best car
18
Бәлгүлүсиз вә бәгүлик артикль.
Indefinite and Definite Articles.
Инглиз тилида артикльниң икки түри болиду . Улар: a, an бәлгүсиз артикль (бир) дегән мәнани билдүридү , The бәлгүлик артикль бәлгүлик бир нәрсини көрсәткәндә (мону) дәп ениқ ейтқанда қоллинимиз. | |||
Бәлгүсиз- Indefinite a, an | Бәлгүлик- Definite The | ||
a | a dog-ишт a boy-оғул a book-китап a girl- қиз | Бәлгүлик бир нәрсә тоғрисида ейтқандила
| The sun-күн The moon-ай The sky-асман The Earth-йәр The world- аләм |
Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu, Yy созуқ тавушларниң алдиға (an) артикильи қоллинилиду. | an apple- алма an elephant-пил an octopus- сәккиз путлуқ an umbrella-зонтик an yogurt- йогурт | ||
түрлири | Бир нәрсини рәңгини шәклини ейтқанда
| I see a cat. The cat is black. Мән мөшүк көрдүм. Мөшүкниң рәңги қара. | |
Мону сөзләрниң алдида: only (бирла), main (главный), central (мәркизи), left (соңға), right (оңға), wrong (дурус әмәс), next (келәси), last (ахирқи), final (йәкүн).
| The only book I love- маңа яққан бирла китап The main road-чоң йол To the left-солға To the right-оңға It was the right answer-у дурус жавави болған. The final-йәкүнләш тест | ||
Рәтлик санлар алдида | The first-биринчи The tenth-онинчи
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Ашурма сүпәтләрниң алдиға | The best-наһайити яхши The most interesting-наһайити қизиқ | ||
Музыкилиқ әсваплар алдиға | To play the piano-пионино ойнаш | ||
Газет, журнал, галерея, музей намлириниң алдиға | The hermitage- Эрмитаж
The Uigur avazy-Уйғур авази |
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Орун рәвишләр
Prepositions of place Prepositions | |
Prepositions of place
Орун рәвишлири
| Оn-үстидә In-ичидә in front of-алдида behind-кәйнидә under-астида between- оттурида among- арисида in the middle of-мәркизидә on the right-оңда on the left-солда at, by -йенида near-кешида not far-жирақ әмәс a long way from-жирақ |
Prepositions of Movement
Һәрикәт рәвишлири | to the left-сол яққа to the right-оң яққа straight ahead-уттур up-үстигә down-төвәнгә along-жирақтин across- арқилиқ round-айлан
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Prepositions of time Вақит рәвишлири | seasons пәслләр | in the spring-әтиязда in the summer-язда in the autumn-күздә in the winter-қишта |
Days of the week Һәптидики күнләр
| on Monday-дүшәнби дә on Tuesday-сишәнби дә on Wednesday-чаршәнби дә on Thursday-пәйшәнби дә on Friday-жүмә дә on Saturday-шәнби дә on Sunday-йәкшәнби дә | |
Years Жиллар | in May 1983- 1983 жили майда in the 1990- 1990 жилида during the eighties- сәксининчи жиллириғичә | |
Centuries Әсирләр | in the 15-th century-15 чи әсирләрдә during 18-th century- 18 чи әсирләргичә
| |
at 2 o’clock- саат 2 дә by 6 o’clock-саат 6 дин since 4 o’clock-саат 4 тин from 5 to 6- 5 тин 6 чә till 10 o’clock- саат 10 чә | in 3 days summer- 3 күндин кейин яз пәсли for 2 weeks- 2 һәптидә during the holidays- тәтилдә before my summer holidays- мениң язлиқ тәтилимгичә. after my summer holidays- мениң язлиқ тәтилимдин кейин.
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Асасий җүмлә түзидиған ярдәмчи пеиллар.
Do пеил
Инфинитив (Infinitive ) | To do | What to do?- |
Шәхсий формиси(Present simple) | do\dose | I do my exercises every day.-Мән көнүкмини күндә орунлаймән |
ІІ формиси (past simple) | Did | I did it yesterday-Түнүгүн мән ишлидим |
ІІІ формиси (past Participle) | Done | I have already done my homework-мән өй тапшурмисини һәр қачан орунлаймән |
ІV формиси (present Participle ) | Doing | What are you doing now?-Һазир сән немә қиливатисән? |
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Have пеил
Инфинитив (Infinitive ) | To have | It’s wonderful to have a dog.- |
Шәхсий формиси(Present simple) | Have\has | I have\ have got a dog.- |
ІІ формиси (past simple) | had | I had two free days.- |
ІІІ формиси (past Participle) | had | I have already had breakfast.- |
ІV формиси (present Participle ) | having | I am having breakfast now.- |
Инфинитив (Infinitive ) | To be | To be or not to be?.- |
Шәхсий формиси(Present simple) | am, is, are | I am a teacher.- |
past simple | Was\were | We were in Almaty.- |
Future simple | Will\shall be | I’ll be cold.- |
ІІІ формиси (past Participle) | been | Have you ever been to London?.- |
ІV формиси (present Participle ) | being | Being my friend….- |
Дурус җүмлә түзүш формулири
Алмашларниң ярдәмчи пеиллири.
be пеили am, is, are.
аm һәр қачан І билән биргә ясилиду. I am\ I’m | |
I’m Sabina. | Мән Сабина. |
I’m a girl\ a boy. | Мән қиз\ оғул. |
I’m 7 (years old). | Маңа йәттә яш. |
I’m sorry. | Кәчүрисиз. |
I’m happy. | Мән бәхитлик. |
I’m a doctor. | Мән дохтур. |
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is һәр қачан he, she, it билән биргә ясилиду. he, she, it is\ he’s, she’s, it’s. | |
She’s Sabina. | У Сабина. |
She\ he’s a girl\ a boy. | У қиз\оғул. |
He’s 7 (years old). | У йәттә яшта. |
He’s thirsty. | У уссап кәтти. |
She’s happy. | У бәхитлик. |
It’s a dog. | У ишт. |
are һәр қачан we, you, they билән биргә ясилиду. we are, you are, they are. | |
We are Pupils | Биз оқуғучи. |
You are girls \ boys | Сән қиз\ оғул. |
They are 7 (years old) | Уларға йәттә яш. |
You are the best. | Сән наһайити яхши. |
They are happy | Улар бәхитлик. |
We are hungry | Биз ач. |
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To be пеилиниң ясилиши
(Present simple (Indefinite) Һазирқи заман
Simple и Indefinite – бир заманниң икки түрлүк атилиши– аддий болушсиз. Грамматикилиқ заман топи simple \Indefinite иш һәрикәтниң әмәлгә ашқан яки ашмиғанлиғини билдүриду. Заман топи Present (һазирқи), Past (өткән), future (келидиған) заманларни simple \Indefinite өз ичигә алиду |
Хәвәр җүмлә S + am, is, are | Болумсиз җүмлә S +( am, is, are) not | Соал җүмлә Am, is, are + S? |
I am I’m a boy.
| I am not I’m not a boy. | Am I? Am I a boy? Yes, I am. No, I am not. |
He is He is hungry.
| He is not(he isn’t) He isn’t hungry. | Is he? Is he hungry? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. |
She is She is a teacher.
| She is not ( she isn’t) She isn’t a teacher. | Is she? Is she a teacher? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. |
It is It is a dog.
| It is not (it isn’t) It isn’t a dog. | Is it? Is it a dog? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. |
We are We are students. We’re | We are not( we aren’t) We aren’t students. | Are we? Are we students? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. |
You are You are Uigur. | You are not ( you aren’t) You aren’t Russian. | Are you? Are you Uigur? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. |
They are They are happy. | They are not ( they aren’t) They aren’t happy. | Are they? Are they happy? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. |
Вақит һалити, Present tansеқа хас seldom-арилап-арилап often-пат-пат every ( day, year, lesson)-һәр( күни,жили, дәристә) sometimes-бәзидә always-һәр қачан from time to time-вақит өткәнсери usually-адәттикидәк as a rule-қаидиләргә асаслинип generally-алаһидә
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Хәвәр җүмлә S + was | Болумсиз җүмлә S + was not | Соал җүмлә Was + S? |
I was I was a right. | I was not (I wasn’t) I wasn’t right. | Was I ? Was I right? Yes, I was No, I wasn’t |
He was He was hungry. | He was not( he wasn’t) He wasn’t hungry. | Was He? Was he hungry? Yes, he was No, he wasn’t |
She was She was a teacher. | She was not (she wasn’t) She wasn’t a teacher. | Was She? Was she a teacher? Yes, she was No, she wasn’t |
It was It was big. | It was not ( it wasn’t) It wasn’t big. | Was It? Was it big? Yes, it was No, it wasn’t |
We were We were the best | We were not ( we weren’t) We weren’t the best. | Were We? Were we best? Yes, we was No, we wasn’t |
You were You were kind. | You were not( you weren’t) You weren’t kind. | Were You? Were you kind? Yes, you was No, you wasn’t |
They were They were thirsty | They were not (they weren’t) They weren’t thirsty | Were they? Were they thirsty? Yes, they was No, they wasn’t |
Past tansқа хас вақит һалити yesterday-түнүгүн the day before yesterday-алдинқи күни ago ( 2 days, 3 years)-(икки күн, үч жил) бурун. last ( year, week, month)-алдинқи(жили, һәптә, ай) in 1998- 1998 жилида |
To be пеилиниң ясилиши
(Past simple (Indefinite) өткән заман.
To be пеилиниң ясилиши
(Future simple (Indefinite) келидиған заман.
Хәвәр җүмлә S + shall\will +be | Болумсиз җүмлә S + shan’t\ won’t be | Соал җүмлә Shall\ will + S+ be? |
I shall be I shall be 7 year old. | I shall not be (I shan’t) I shall not be 200 year old. | Shall I be? Shall I be 7 year old? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t |
He will be He will be right. | He will not be (he won’t) He won’t be eight. | Will He be? Will he be right? |
She will be She will be a teacher. | She will not be ( she won’t) She won’t be a teacher. | Will She be? Will she be a teacher? |
It will be It will be a big. | It will not be ( it won’t) It won’t be a bog. | Will it be? Will it be a big? |
We shall be We shall be the best. | We shall not be ( we shan’t) We shan’t be the best. | Shall We be? Shall we be the best? |
You will be You will be kind. | You will not be (you won’t) You won’t be kind. | Will You be? Will you be kind? |
They will be They will be thirsty. | They will not be ( they won’t) They won’t be thirsty. | Will They be? Will they be thirsty? |
future tansқа хас вақит һалити tomorrow-әтә the day after tomorrow-өгүнлүккә next-келәси in (a year, 2 hours)-кейин . 1 жилдин кеин 2с кейин) |
(Present simple (Indefinite) аддий Һазирқи заман.
Һазирқи заман түрлири
әгәр жүмлидә бирлик түридики исим яки 3-шәхс алмиши жүмлиниң егиси болса у чағда пеилға –s\es улиниду go+ -s =goes [ɡəuz] have + -s =has [hæz] do + -s = does [dʌz] кетип баримән –кетип бариду мәндә бар — униңда бар ишләватимән -ишләватиду he, she, it ————runs———— жүгрәватиду. | |||||
Хәвәр җүмлидә | He runs, she runs, it runs. | ||||
Болумсиз җүмлижә | He does not run, she does not run, it does not run. | ||||
Соал җүмлидә | Does he run?, does she run? Does it run? | ||||
Хәвәр җүмлә S +V1 | Болумсиз җүмлә S +do\does + not +V1 | Соал җүмлә do+ S+ V1 ? | |||
I work | I do not (don’t) work. | Do I work? Yes, I do No, I don’t | |||
He works | He does not (doesn’t) work | Does he work? Yes, he does No, he doesn’t | |||
She works | She does not (doesn’t) work | Does she work? Yes, she does No, she doesn’t | |||
It works | It does not (doesn’t) work | Does it work? Yes, it does No, it doesn’t | |||
We work | We do not(don’t) work | do we work ? Yes, we do No, we don’t | |||
You work | You do not ( you don’t) work | Do you work? Yes, you do No, you don’t | |||
They work | They do not (don’t) work | Do they work? Yes, they do No, they don’t | |||
(Past simple (Indefinite) аддий өткән заман формиси.
Past simple (аддий өткән заман формис) дурус пеилларға хәвәр жүмлидила + ed қошумчиси қошулиду, хата пеиларниң өткән заман формисида йезилиду. Work-иш worked-ишлиди, ишлидим. М: see-көрүш. saw-көрди, көрдүм. Соал жүмлидә вә болумсиз жүмлидә do\does өткән заман формиси did пеили арқилиқ ясилиду.
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Хәвәр җүмлә S + V2 \ ed | Болумсиз җүмлә S + did +not +V 1 | Соал җүмлә Did + S + V1? |
I worked I saw | I did not (didn’t) work- I didn’t see | Did I work? Did I see? Yes, I did No, I didn’t |
He worked He saw | He did not(didn’t) work He didn’t see | Did he work? Did he see? Yes, he did No, he didn’t |
She worked She saw | She did not (didn’t) work She didn’t see | Did she work ? Did she see? Yes, he did No, he didn’t |
It worked It saw | It did not ( didn’t) work It didn’t see | Did it work? Did it see? Yes, it did No, it didn’t |
We worked We saw | We did not ( didn’t) work We didn’t see | Did we work? Did we see? Yes, we did No, we didn’t |
You worked You saw | You did not( didn’t) work You didn’t see
| Did you work? Did you see? Yes, you did No, you didn’t |
They worked They saw | They did not ( didn’t ) work They didn’t see
| Did they work? Did they see? Yes, they did No, they didn’t |
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(Future simple (Indefinite) адий һазирқи заман.
Келидиған заман пеили-бу Shall яки to уланмисисиз will ярдәмчи пеили I shall go to school tomorrow. I he, she, it Shall + V1 Will + V1 Will will +V1 We you, they
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Хәвәр җүмлә S + will\shall + V1 | Болумсиз җүмлә S + won’t\shan’t + V1 | Соал җүмлә Will\ shall + S + V1? | |
I shall work | I shall not (shan’t) work | Shall I work? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t | |
He will work | He will not (won’t) work | Will He work? Yes, he will No, he won’t | |
She will work | She will not (won’t) work | Will She work? Yes, she will No, she won’t | |
It will work | It will not (won’t) work | Will It work? Yes, it will No, it won’t | |
We shall work | We shall not (shan’t) work | Shall We work? Yes, we shall No, we shan’t | |
You will work | You will not (won’t) work | Will You work Yes, you will No, you won’t | |
They will work | They will not (won’t) work | Will They work? Yes, they will No, they won’t |
Узақ вақит Progressive (continuous)
(to be) + ing
Continuous сөзини инглиз тилидин тәржимә қилғанда «үзлүксиз , узақ».дегән мәнани билдүриду
continuous групписидики вақитлири (simple (Indefinite) аддий вақит групписи һәрикәтни атапла қоймай, униң тәрәққий етишини, прогрессиясини көрситиду, мошуниң нәтижисидә Progressive дегән иккинчи нами чиққан continuous групписидики вақит узақ вақит қоллинилиду,ениқ бир пәйттин башланған һазирқи,өткән;келидиған замандики болуватқан, болған вә болидиған һәрикәтни көрситиду . Бу һәрикәт турақсиз һәм вақити чәкләнгән өткән заманға қаритилған continuous гупписиниң векторлирида , шундақла өткән вә келидиған заманға яки һазирқи заман һәрикитини көрситидиған миннәтлик түрдә һесават чекити болиду Дәл м.шу пәйттә (Past continuous)болған. (Present continuous)болуватиду.Яки (Future continuous)болиду.
Past continuous Present continuous Future continuous
6 o’clock(tomorrow) 6 o’clock( yesterday) now Түнүгүн саат алтидә. Һазир. Әтә саат алтидә. |
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Present continuous tense һазирқи заман давами
Хәвәр җүмлә S + am, is, are + V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S +( am, is, are) not + V ing | Соал җүмлә Am, is, are + S + Ving ?
|
I am working. | I am not working. I don’t working. | Am I working? What are you doing? Yes, I am. No, I am not. |
He is working. | He isn’t working. | Is he working? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. |
She is working.
| She is not (isn’t) working.
| Is she working? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. |
It is working.
| It is not (isn’t) working.
| Is it working? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. |
We are working.
| We are not (aren’t) working.
| Are we working? Yes, we are. No, she aren’t. |
You are working.
| You are not (aren’t) working.
| Are you working? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. |
They are working.
| They are not (aren’t) working.
| Are they working? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. |
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Past continuous tense өткән заман давами
Хәвәр җүмлә S + was+ V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S + was not+ V ing | Соал җүмлә Was + S +V ing? |
I was working.
| I was not (wasn’t) working.
| Was I working? Yes, I was No, I wasn’t |
He was working.
| He was not (wasn’t) working.
| Was He working? Yes, he was No, he wasn’t |
She was working.
| She was not (wasn’t) working.
| Was She working? Yes, she was No, she wasn’t |
It was working.
| It was not (wasn’t) working.
| Was It working? Yes, it was No, it wasn’t |
We were working.
| We were not (weren’t) working.
| Were we working? Yes, we was No, we wasn’t |
You were working.
| You were not (weren’t) working.
| Were You working? Yes, you was No, you wasn’t |
They were working.
| They were not (weren’t) working.
| Were they working? Yes, they was No, they wasn’t |
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Future continuous tense Келидиған заман давами
Хәвәр җүмлә S + shall\will +be+ V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S + shan’t\ won’t be+ V ing | Соал җүмлә Shall\ will + S+ be + V ing? |
I shall be working. (I’ll be) | I shall not be (shan’t) working.
| Shall I be working? Yes, I shall No, I shan’t |
He will be working. (He’ll be) | He will not be (won’t) working.
| Will He be working? Yes, he will No, he won’t |
She will be working. (She’ll be) | She will not be (won’t) working.
| Will She be working? Yes, she will No, she won’t |
It will be working.
| It will not be (won’t) working.
| Will it be working? Yes, it will No, it won’t |
We shall be working. (We’ll be) | We shall not be (shan’t) working.
| Shall We be working? Yes, we shall No, we shan’t |
You will be working. (You’ll be) | You will not be (won’t) working.
| Will You be working? Yes, you will No, you won’t |
They will be working. (They’ll be) | They will not be (won’t) working.
| Will They be working? Yes, they will No, they won’t |
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Perfect
(Perfect tenses) «өтүмлүк вақит»топи ( Present Perfect tense)һазирқи , өткән (Past Perfect tense), вә келидиған заман (Future Perfect tense)пеиллиридин туриду . Уйғур тилида Perfect топиға жүмлиниң мәнасиға қарап өткән заман пеилиниң өтүмлүк яки өтүмсиз түри тоғра келиду . Өзигә хас хислити-һәрикәт вақитидики акцент.Һәрикәтниң болған болмиғини муһим әмәс. (to have) + V-ed дурус пеилға \ V3 хата пеилға |
Present Perfect tense һазирқи заман болған һәрикәт
Хәвәр җүмлә S + have/has + V3 | Болумсиз җүмлә S +have/has + not + V3 | Соал җүмлә Have/has + S + V3 ? |
I have written a letter.
| I have not (haven’t) written a letter.
| Have I written a letter? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. |
He has written a letter.
| He has not (hasn’t) written a letter.
| has he written a letter? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. |
She has written a letter.
| She has not (hasn’t) written a letter.
| Has she written a letter? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. |
It has written a letter.
| It has not (hasn’t) written a letter.
| Has it written a letter? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. |
We have written a letter.
| We have not (haven’t) written letter.
| Have we written a letter? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. |
You have written a letter.
| You have not (haven’t) written a letter.
| Have you written a letter? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. |
They have written a letter.
| They have not (haven’t) written a letter.
| Have they written a letter? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. |
Past Perfect tense өткән заманда болған һәрикәт
Past Perfect tense да шәхс яки жүмлә егисиниң түри муһим әмәс. (to have) ярдәмчи пеили һәммә жүмлә егилиридә had формисида ишлитилиду: I He, she, it We had + V3 You They |
Хәвәр җүмлә S + had+ V3 | Болумсиз җүмлә S +had+ not + V3 | Соал җүмлә Had + S + V3 ? |
I had cooked.
I had written. | I had not (hadn’t) cooked.
I hadn’t written. | Had I cooked? Yes, I had No, I hadn’t Had I written? |
He had cooked.
He had written. | He had not (hadn’t) cooked.
He had not (hadn’t) written. | Had he cooked? Yes, he had No, he hadn’t Had he written? |
She had cooked.
She had written. | She had not (hadn’t) cooked.
She had not (hadn’t) written. | Had she cooked? Yes, she had No, she hadn’t Had she written? |
It had cooked.
It had written. | It had not (hadn’t) cooked.
It had not (hadn’t) written. | Had it cooked? Yes, it had No, it hadn’t Had it written? |
We had cooked.
We had written. | We had not (hadn’t) cooked.
We had not (hadn’t) written. | Had we cooked? Yes ,we had No, we hadn’t Had we written? |
You had cooked.
You had written. | You had not (hadn’t) cooked.
You had not (hadn’t) written. | Had you cooked? Yes, you had No, you hadn’t Had you written? |
They had cooked.
They had written. | They had not (hadn’t) cooked.
They had not (hadn’t) written. | Had they cooked? Yes, they had No, they hadn’t Had they written? |
Future Perfect tense келидиған заманпеили
Хәвәр җүмлә S + shall\will have + V3 | Болумсиз җүмлә S + shan’t\ won’t have+ V3 | Соал җүмлә Shall\ will + S+ have + V3? |
I shall have worked.
I shall have written. | I shall not (shan’t) have worked.
I shall not (shan’t) have written. | Shall I have worked? Yes, we shall No, we shan’t Shall I have written? |
He will have worked.
He will have written. | He will not (won’t) have worked.
He will not (won’t) have written. | Will he have worked? Yes, they will No, they won’t Will he have written? |
She will have worked.
She will have written. | She will not (won’t) have worked.
She will not (won’t) have written. | Will she have worked? Yes, they will No, they won’t Will she have written? |
It will have worked.
It will have written. | It will not (won’t) have worked.
It will not (won’t) have written. | Will it have worked? Yes, they will No, they won’t Will it have written? |
We shall have worked.
We shall have written. | We shall not (shan’t) have worked.
We shall not (shan’t) have written. | Shall we have worked? Yes, we shall No, we shan’t Shall we have written? |
You will have worked.
You will have written. | You will not (won’t) have worked.
You will not (won’t) have written. | Will you have worked? Yes, they will No, they won’t Will you have written? |
They will have worked.
They will have written. | They will not (won’t) have worked.
You will not (won’t) have written. | Will they have worked? Yes, they will No, they won’t Will they have written? |
Perfect Continuous.
«узақ өткән» вақит топи (Perfect Continuous Tenses) һазирқи уақ өткән вақитидин (Present Perfect Continuous Tenses),өткән узақ вақитидин, (Past Perfect Continuous Tenses), вә келидиған узақ вақитидин (Future Perfect Continuous Tenses) туриду. Perfect Continuous топидики вақитибир ениқ пәйттә башланған һазирқи яки келидиған заманда болған һәрикәтниң узақлиғини билдүрүш үчүн қоллинилиду.
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Present Perfect Continuous Tenses
һазирқи узақ вақит пеиллири
Хәвәр җүмлә S + have/has been+ V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S +have/has not + been+ V ing | Соал җүмлә Have/has + S + been +V ing ? |
I have been working.
| I have not (haven’t) been working.
| Have I been working? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. |
He has been working.
| He has not (hasn’t) been working.
| has he been working? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. |
She has been working.
| She has not (hasn’t) been working.
| has she been working? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. |
It has been working.
| It has not (hasn’t) been working.
| Has it been working? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. |
We have been working.
| We have not (haven’t) been working.
| Have we been working? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. |
You have been working.
| You have not (haven’t) been working.
| Have you been working? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. |
They have been working.
| They have not (haven’t) been working.
| Have they been working? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. |
Past Perfect Continuous Tenses өткән заман узақ вақит пеиллири
Хәвәр җүмлә S + had been+ V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S +had not + been +V ing | Соал җүмлә Had + S + been +V ing ? |
I had been working.
| I had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had I been working? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. |
He had been working.
| He had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had he been working? Yes, he had. No, he hadn’t. |
She had been working.
| She had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had she been working? Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t. |
It had been working.
| It had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had it been working? Yes, it had. No, it hadn’t. |
We had been working.
| We had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had we been working? Yes, we had. No, we hadn’t. |
You had been working.
| You had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had you been working? Yes, you had. No, you hadn’t. |
They had been working.
| They had not (hadn’t) been working.
| Had they been working? Yes, they had. No, they hadn’t. |
Future Perfect Continuous Tenses келидиған заман узақ вақит пеиллири
Хәвәр җүмлә S + will +have been+ V ing | Болумсиз җүмлә S + will not + have been+ V ing | Соал җүмлә will + S + have been +V ing ? |
I shall have been working.
| I shall not (shan’t) have been working.
| Shall I have been working? Yes, I shall. No, I shan’t. |
He will have been working.
| He will not (won’t) have been working.
| Will he have been working? Yes, he will. No, he won’t. |
She will have been working.
| She will not (won’t) have been working.
| Will she have been working? Yes, she will. No, she won’t. |
It will have been working.
| It will not (won’t) have been working.
| will it have been working? Yes, it will. No, it won’t. |
We shall have been working.
| We shall not (shan’t) have been working.
| Shall we have been working? Yes, we shall. No, we shan’t. |
You will have been working.
| You will not (won’t) have been working.
| Will you have been working? Yes, you will. No, you won’t. |
They will have been working.
| They will not (won’t) have been working.
| Will they have been working? Yes, they will. No, they won’t. |
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Future-in-the-Past өткән замандики келидиған заман
Әгәр беқинда жүмлидики һәрикәт баш жүмлидики һәрикәттин кейин болса өткән әһвалниң келидиған заманини билдүрсә у чағда беқинда жүмлидики пеил Future-in-the-Past-алаһидә формисида ишлитилиду ,өткән замандики келидиған заман would ярдәмчи пеилидин вә to уланмисидин ясилиду: |
Future simple | Future-in-the-Past |
I will do my room. Мән өзәмниң бөлмисини тазилаймән. | He said that he would do his room. У өзәмниң бөлмәмни тазилаймән дәп ейтти. |
Future Continuous | Future-in-the-Past |
I will be doing my room from 3 or 5. 3 тин 5 чә бөлмәмни тазилаймән. | He said that he would be doing his room from 3 or 5. У 3тин 5 чә өзиниң бөлмисини тазилаймән- деди. |
Future Perfect | Future-in-the-Past |
I will have done my room when you come. Сән кәлгичә мән бөлмәмни тазилаветимән. | He said that he would have done his room when I come. мән кәлгичә у бөлмисини тазилаветимән деди. |
Future Perfect continuous | Future-in-the-Past |
I will have been doing my room for two hours when you come. Шу пәйттә,сән кәлгәндә,мән 2саат өз бөлмәмни тазилаймән . | He said that he would have been doing his room for two hours when I come. У мән кәлгән пәйттә 2 саат өз бөлмисини тазилайдиғинини ейтти . |
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Вақит һаләтлириниң кәштиси
Үч топиға – Simple, Continuous, Perfect.
Simple / Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
Present | every, always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually, as a rule, generally, from time to time | Now | Already, just, ever, never, yet, before, today, this(month, year, week,) since, for | Already…for, since |
Past | Yesterday, the day yesterday, (2 days, 3 years), last ( year, Sunday, lesson) | Yesterday at 5 o’clock, yesterday from 5 till 6, yesterday when he came, yesterday the whole evening | By…. Before | By…. for |
Future | Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (year, week, month), in(2 days) | Yesterday at 5 o’clock, yesterday from 5 till 6, yesterday when he came, yesterday the whole evening | By…. Before | By…. for |
Future-in-the-Past | He said that… | He said that… | He said that… | He said that… |
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South- жәнуп |
West -ғәрип
|
East-шәриқ |
North- West
|
North- East |
South- West |
South- East |
North-шималий
|
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Иглиз тилида саатниң етилиши
What time is it?
12 o’ clock
5 minutes 5 past 12
to 12
a quarter aquarter past
to 12 12
20 minutes
to 12
25past 12
Half hast 12