Грамматикалық анықтама

comb [koum]

e, i, y. алдида [s] болуп оқилиду.

(с)

2.      К һәрипиниң алдида окулмайду   nick [nik]

e, i, y.алдида [ʤ] болуп оқилиду.

(җ)

-Gorg       [ʤ]   (җ)

th- [ ð] (з)  яки [θ] (с)

(“е” ахирида оқулмайду)

She        у

It           нәрсиләрни

М:  it is a cat.

униңға

Her

Her        униң

Its

униң

Hers

Everyone-һәр  бири

Everything-Һәммиңлар

Everytime-һәр қачан, һәр вақитта

Everywhere-һәммә йәрдә

2.Yourself-сән өзәң

3.Himself

у өзи

Herself

2.Yourselves-силәр өзәңлар

3.Themselves-улар өзлири

Any- кимла  болса

Anyone\anybody-кимла  болса

There is someone\somebody in the garden.

Бағда бири бар.

There isn’t anyone\anybody in the garden

Бағда һечким йоқ.

Is there anyone\anybody in the garden?

Бағда бири барму?

No one| nobody| not anyboу һеч  ким

There is no one| nobody in the garden.

Бағда һеч ким йоқ.

Everybody\everyone likes fruits.

Һәмиси йемишләрни яхши көриду.

thing- зат

there is  something in the box.

Бу каробкиниң ичидә бир  нәрсә бар.

there isn’t anything in the box.

Бу каробкиниң ичидә һеч нимә йоқ.

Is there  anything in the box?

Бу каробкиниң ичидә бир нәрсә барму?

there is nothing in the box.

Бу каробкиниң ичидә һеч нәрсә йоқ.

Everything is interesting in this book.

Бу китапниң ичидә қизиқ нәрсиләр бар.

[p] – [b] [f] – [v]

[k] –[g] [s] – [z]

[m] – [j]  [h] [ƞ]

[θ], [ð],  [w],

[t]-[d]-[n]

[l]-[ʃ]-[ʒ]

[r]-[ʧ]-[ʤ]

[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au] [əu]

[iə] [ɛə] [uə]

[i], [e], [æ], [ɔ],

[u], [ʌ], [ə]

[i:], [ɑ:], [ɔ:], [u:], [ə:]

Санилидиған исимларға қоллинилиду

Саналмайдиған исимларға қоллинилиду

Many girls- нурғун қиз

Many boys-нурғун оғул

Many books-нурғун китап

There are many books on the boor-shelf.

Much snow-көп  қар

Much money-нурғун ахча

Much time-көп вақит

There is much water in the vase.

How many books?-                         Қанчилик китап?

Қанчә?, нәччә?

How much

How much snow?-                          Қанчилик қар?

There are a lot of books on the books-shelf. – шкафниң ичидә нурғун китап бар.

There is a lot of water in the coffee pot.- чөгүнниң ичидә нурғун су бар.

A few\  few

А little\  little

few girls-қизлар аз

few boys-оғуллар аз

little money-ахча аз

little snow-қар аз

A little

азирақ  (һазирғичә йетиду)

A few

little

аз  (йәнә керәк)

few

Жараңсиз  үзүк  тавушлардин  кейин

a book-books

a  cup-cups

Китап- китаплар

Чинә- чиниләр

a girl-girls

Қиз- қизлар

-ch, -sh, -x, -s, -z: —es

a bush-bushes

a fox-foxes

a church- churches

чатқаллиқ

Түлкә түлкиләр

1) созуқ  + y

2) үзүк  + y            i

a boy –boys

family-families

a country –countries

Оғул -оғуллар

Аилә -аилиләр

мәмликәт-мәмликәтләр

[iz]

a shelf -shelves

Тәкчә-тәкчиләр

woman

foot

goose

child

mouse

ox

tooth

women

feet

geese

children

mice

oxen

teeth

Аял- аяллар

Пут- путлар

Өдәк- өдәкләр

Бала- балилар

Чашқан- чашқанлар

Буқа -буқилар

Чиш- чишлар

Сүпәтләрниң үч түри болиду.

Улар: Сүпәт (positive Degree )      cold

Селиштурма  (Comparative Degree)                              +er     colder

Ашурма  яки  күчәйтмә (Superlative Degree)                the  Adj  +est      the coldest

Көп боғумлуқ  сүпәтләрниң алдиға қоюлиду.           More,   the most

Улар: a, an  бәлгүсиз артикль  (бир) дегән  мәнани билдүридү ,

The бәлгүлик артикль  бәлгүлик бир нәрсини көрсәткәндә (мону) дәп ениқ ейтқанда қоллинимиз.

a  boy-оғул

a  book-китап

a  girl- қиз

The moon-ай

The sky-асман

The Earth-йәр

The world- аләм

an elephant-пил

an octopus- сәккиз путлуқ

an umbrella-зонтик

an yogurt- йогурт

түрлири

The cat is black.

Мән мөшүк көрдүм. Мөшүкниң рәңги қара.

The main road-чоң йол

To the left-солға

To the right-оңға

It  was the right answer-у дурус жавави болған.

The final-йәкүнләш тест

Рәтлик санлар алдида

The first-биринчи

The tenth-онинчи

Ашурма  сүпәтләрниң алдиға

The best-наһайити яхши

The most interesting-наһайити қизиқ

Музыкилиқ әсваплар алдиға

To play the piano-пионино ойнаш

Газет, журнал, галерея, музей намлириниң алдиға

The hermitage- Эрмитаж

The Uigur avazy-Уйғур авази

Prepositions of place

Орун рәвишлири

In-ичидә

in front of-алдида

behind-кәйнидә

under-астида

between- оттурида

among- арисида

in the middle of-мәркизидә

on the right-оңда

on the left-солда

at, by -йенида

near-кешида

not far-жирақ әмәс

a long way from-жирақ

Prepositions of Movement

Һәрикәт  рәвишлири

to the right-оң яққа

straight ahead-уттур

up-үстигә

down-төвәнгә

along-жирақтин

across- арқилиқ

round-айлан

Prepositions of

time

Вақит рәвишлири

seasons

пәслләр

in the summer-язда

in the autumn-күздә

in the winter-қишта

Days of the week

Һәптидики күнләр

on Tuesday-сишәнби дә

on Wednesday-чаршәнби дә

on Thursday-пәйшәнби дә

on Friday-жүмә дә

on Saturday-шәнби дә

 on Sunday-йәкшәнби дә

Years

Жиллар

in the 1990- 1990 жилида

during  the eighties- сәксининчи жиллириғичә

Әсирләр

during 18-th century- 18 чи әсирләргичә

by 6 o’clock-саат 6 дин

since 4 o’clock-саат 4  тин

from 5 to 6- 5 тин 6 чә

till 10 o’clock-  саат 10 чә

for 2 weeks-  2  һәптидә

during  the holidays-  тәтилдә

before my summer holidays- мениң язлиқ тәтилимгичә.

after my summer holidays-  мениң язлиқ тәтилимдин кейин.

Заман  топи Present (һазирқи),  Past (өткән),  future (келидиған) заманларни simple \Indefinite өз  ичигә  алиду

S + am, is, are

S +( am, is, are) not

Am, is, are + S?

I’m a boy.

I’m not a boy.

Am I a boy?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

He is hungry.

He isn’t hungry.

Is he hungry?

Yes, he is.

No, he isn’t.

She is a teacher.

She isn’t a teacher.

Is she a teacher?

Yes, she is.

No, she isn’t.

It is a dog.

It isn’t a dog.

Is it a dog?

Yes, it is.

No, it isn’t.

We are students.

We’re

We aren’t students.

Are we students?

Yes, we are.

No, we aren’t.

You are Uigur.

You aren’t Russian.

Are you Uigur?

Yes, you are.

No, you aren’t.

They are happy.

They aren’t happy.

Are they happy?

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

seldom-арилап-арилап

often-пат-пат

every ( day, year, lesson)-һәр( күни,жили, дәристә)

sometimes-бәзидә

always-һәр   қачан

from time to time-вақит  өткәнсери

usually-адәттикидәк

as a rule-қаидиләргә  асаслинип

generally-алаһидә

S + was

S + was not

Was + S?

I was a right.

I wasn’t right.

Was I right?

Yes, I was

No, I wasn’t

He was hungry.

He wasn’t hungry.

Was he hungry?

Yes, he was

No, he wasn’t

She was a teacher.

She wasn’t a teacher.

Was she a teacher?

Yes, she was

No, she wasn’t

It was big.

It wasn’t big.

Was it big?

Yes, it was

No, it wasn’t

We were the best

We weren’t the best.

Were we best?

Yes, we was

No, we wasn’t

You were kind.

You weren’t kind.

Were you kind?

Yes, you was

No, you wasn’t

They were thirsty

They weren’t thirsty

Were they thirsty?

Yes, they was

No, they wasn’t

yesterday-түнүгүн

the day before yesterday-алдинқи күни

ago ( 2 days, 3 years)-(икки күн, үч жил) бурун.

last ( year, week, month)-алдинқи(жили, һәптә, ай)

in 1998- 1998 жилида

S + shall\will +be

S + shan’t\ won’t be

Shall\ will + S+ be?

I shall be 7 year old.

I shall not be 200 year old.

Shall I be 7 year old?

Yes, I shall

No, I shan’t

He will be right.

He won’t be eight.

Will he be right?

She will be a teacher.

She won’t be a teacher.

Will she be a teacher?

It will be a big.

It won’t be a bog.

Will it be a big?

We shall be the best.

We shan’t be the best.

Shall we be the best?

You will be kind.

You won’t be kind.

Will you be kind?

They will be thirsty.

They won’t be thirsty.

Will they be thirsty?

tomorrow-әтә

the day after tomorrow-өгүнлүккә

next-келәси

in (a year, 2 hours)-кейин . 1 жилдин кеин 2с кейин)

go+ -s =goes [ɡəuz]                           have + -s =has [hæz]

do + -s = does [dʌz]

кетип баримән –кетип бариду                 мәндә бар  —   униңда бар                    ишләватимән  -ишләватиду

he, she, it ————runs———— жүгрәватиду.

S +V₁

S +do\does + not +V₁

do+ S+ V₁ ?

Yes, I do

No, I don’t

Yes, he does

No, he doesn’t

Yes, she does

No, she doesn’t

Yes, it does

No, it doesn’t

Yes, we do

No, we don’t

Yes, you do

No, you don’t

Yes, they do

No, they don’t

Past  simple (аддий өткән заман формис) дурус пеилларға хәвәр жүмлидила + ed қошумчиси қошулиду, хата  пеиларниң өткән заман формисида  йезилиду.

Work-иш                         worked-ишлиди, ишлидим.

М:    see-көрүш.                       saw-көрди, көрдүм.

Соал жүмлидә вә болумсиз жүмлидә do\does өткән заман формиси did пеили арқилиқ ясилиду.

S + V₂ \  ed

S + did +not +V ₁

Did + S + V₁?

I saw

Did I see?

Yes, I did

No, I didn’t

He saw

He didn’t see

Did he see?

Yes, he did

No, he didn’t

She saw

She didn’t see

Did she see?

Yes, he did

No, he didn’t

It saw

It didn’t see

Did it see?

Yes, it did

No, it didn’t

We saw

We didn’t see

Did we see?

Yes, we did

No, we didn’t

You saw

You didn’t see

Did you see?

Yes, you did

No, you didn’t

They saw

They didn’t see

Did they see?

Yes, they did

No, they didn’t

I shall go to school tomorrow.

I                                              he, she, it

Shall + V₁                                                Will + V₁         Will will +V₁

We                                         you, they

S + will\shall + V₁

S + won’t\shan’t + V₁

Will\ shall + S + V₁?

Yes, I shall

No, I shan’t

Yes, he will

No, he won’t

Yes, she will

No, she won’t

Yes, it will

No, it won’t

Yes, we shall

No, we shan’t

Yes, you will

No, you won’t

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

continuous групписидики вақитлири (simple (Indefinite)  аддий вақит групписи  һәрикәтни атапла қоймай, униң тәрәққий етишини,  прогрессиясини көрситиду, мошуниң нәтижисидә Progressive дегән иккинчи нами чиққан

continuous  групписидики  вақит  узақ вақит қоллинилиду,ениқ бир пәйттин башланған һазирқи,өткән;келидиған замандики болуватқан, болған вә болидиған һәрикәтни көрситиду . Бу һәрикәт турақсиз һәм вақити чәкләнгән

өткән заманға қаритилған continuous гупписиниң векторлирида  , шундақла өткән вә келидиған заманға яки һазирқи заман һәрикитини көрситидиған миннәтлик түрдә һесават чекити болиду Дәл м.шу пәйттә   (Past continuous)болған. (Present continuous)болуватиду.Яки  (Future continuous)болиду.

Past continuous                              Present continuous                       Future continuous

6 o’clock(tomorrow)                            6 o’clock( yesterday)

now

Түнүгүн саат алтидә.                                  Һазир.                                        Әтә саат алтидә.

S + am, is, are +

       V ing

S +( am, is, are) not +

V ing   

Am, is, are + S + Ving ?

I don’t working.

What are you doing?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Yes, he is.

No, he isn’t.

Yes, she is.

No, she isn’t.

Yes, it is.

No, it isn’t.

Yes, we are.

No, she aren’t.

Yes, you are.

No, you aren’t.

Yes, they are.

No, they aren’t.

S + was+ V ing

S + was not+ V ing

Was + S +V ing?

Yes, I was

No, I wasn’t

Yes, he was

No, he wasn’t

Yes, she was

No, she wasn’t

Yes, it was

No, it wasn’t

Yes, we was

No, we wasn’t

Yes, you was

No, you wasn’t

Yes, they was

No, they wasn’t

S + shall\will +be+ V ing

S + shan’t\ won’t be+ V ing

Shall\ will + S+ be + V ing?

(I’ll be)

Yes, I shall

No, I shan’t

(He’ll be)

Yes, he will

No, he won’t

(She’ll be)

Yes, she will

No, she won’t

Yes, it will

No, it won’t

(We’ll be)

Yes, we shall

No, we shan’t

(You’ll be)

Yes, you will

No, you won’t

(They’ll be)

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Уйғур тилида Perfect топиға жүмлиниң мәнасиға қарап өткән заман пеилиниң өтүмлүк яки өтүмсиз түри тоғра келиду .

Өзигә хас хислити-һәрикәт вақитидики акцент.Һәрикәтниң болған болмиғини муһим әмәс.

(to have) + V-ed        дурус пеилға \        V₃           хата пеилға

S + have/has + V₃

S +have/has + not + V₃

Have/has + S + V₃ ?

Yes, I have.

No, I haven’t.

Yes, he has.

No, he hasn’t.

Yes, she has.

No, she hasn’t.

Yes, it has.

No, it hasn’t.

Yes, we have.

No, we haven’t.

Yes, you have.

No, you haven’t.

Yes, they have.

No, they haven’t.

(to have)  ярдәмчи пеили һәммә жүмлә егилиридә  had формисида ишлитилиду:

I

He, she, it

We                                               had + V₃

You

They

S + had+ V₃

S +had+ not + V₃

Had + S + V₃ ?

I had written.

I hadn’t written.

Yes, I had

No, I hadn’t

Had I written?

He had written.

He had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes, he had

No, he hadn’t

Had he written?

She had written.

She had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes, she had

No, she hadn’t

Had she written?

It had written.

It had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes, it had

No, it hadn’t

Had it written?

We had written.

We had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes ,we had

No, we  hadn’t

Had we written?

You had written.

You had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes, you had

No, you hadn’t

Had you written?

They had written.

They had not (hadn’t) written.

Yes, they had

No, they  hadn’t

Had they written?

S + shall\will have + V₃

S + shan’t\ won’t have+ V₃

Shall\ will + S+ have + V₃?

I shall have written.

I shall not (shan’t) have written.

Yes, we shall

No, we shan’t

Shall I have written?

He will have written.

He will not (won’t) have written.

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Will he have written?

She will have written.

She will not (won’t) have written.

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Will she have written?

It will have written.

It will not (won’t) have written.

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Will it have written?

We shall have written.

We shall not (shan’t) have written.

Yes, we shall

No, we shan’t

Shall we have written?

You will have written.

You will not (won’t) have written.

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Will you have written?

They will have written.

You will not (won’t) have written.

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

Will they have written?

«узақ өткән» вақит топи  (Perfect Continuous Tenses) һазирқи уақ өткән вақитидин   (Present Perfect Continuous Tenses),өткән узақ вақитидин, (Past Perfect Continuous Tenses), вә келидиған узақ вақитидин (Future Perfect Continuous Tenses) туриду.

Perfect Continuous топидики вақитибир ениқ пәйттә башланған һазирқи яки келидиған заманда болған һәрикәтниң узақлиғини билдүрүш үчүн қоллинилиду.

S + have/has been+ V ing

S +have/has not + been+ V ing

Have/has + S + been +V ing ?

Yes, I have.

No, I haven’t.

Yes, he has.

No, he hasn’t.

Yes, she has.

No, she hasn’t.

Yes, it has.

No, it hasn’t.

Yes, we have.

No, we haven’t.

Yes, you have.

No, you haven’t.

Yes, they have.

No, they haven’t.

S + had been+ V ing

S +had not + been +V ing

      Had + S + been +V ing ?

Yes, I had.

No, I hadn’t.

Yes, he had.

No, he hadn’t.

Yes, she had.

No, she hadn’t.

Yes, it had.

No, it hadn’t.

Yes, we had.

No, we hadn’t.

Yes, you had.

No, you hadn’t.

Yes, they had.

No, they hadn’t.

S + will +have been+ V ing

S + will not + have been+ V ing

will + S + have been +V ing ?

Yes, I shall.

No, I shan’t.

Yes, he will.

No, he won’t.

Yes, she will.

No, she won’t.

Yes, it will.

No, it won’t.

Yes, we shall.

No, we shan’t.

Yes, you will.

No, you won’t.

Yes, they will.

No, they won’t.

Мән өзәмниң бөлмисини тазилаймән.

У  өзәмниң бөлмәмни тазилаймән дәп  ейтти.

3 тин 5 чә бөлмәмни тазилаймән.

У  3тин 5 чә өзиниң бөлмисини тазилаймән- деди.

Сән кәлгичә мән бөлмәмни тазилаветимән.

мән кәлгичә у бөлмисини тазилаветимән деди.

Шу пәйттә,сән кәлгәндә,мән 2саат өз бөлмәмни тазилаймән .

У мән кәлгән пәйттә 2 саат өз бөлмисини тазилайдиғинини ейтти .

Before

for

Before

for